每日一题:2020-07-07

每日一题: 2020-07-07

题目: 已知抛物线y=x2+px+qy=x^2+px+q 有一点M(x0,y0)M(x_0,y_0), 位于xx 轴的下方.
(1) 求证: 已知抛物线与xx 轴必有两个交点A(x1,0),B(x2,0)A(x_1,0),B(x_2,0), 其中x1<x2x_1\lt x_2;
(2) 求证: x1<x0<x2x_1\lt x_0\lt x_2;
(3) 当点MM(1,2)(1,-2) 时, 求整数x1,x2x_1,x_2.

参考思路

(1)由已知得: y0=x02+px0+q=(x0+p2)2p24q4<0p24q4>(x0+p2)20y_0=x_0^2+px_0+q=(x_0+\frac{p}{2})^2-\frac{p^2-4q}{4}\lt 0\Rightarrow \frac{p^2-4q}{4}\gt (x_0+\frac{p}{2})^2\geq 0.
所以Δ=p24q>0\Delta=p^2-4q\gt 0, 故方程x2+px+q=0x^2+px+q=0 有两个不等实根, 即抛物线与xx 轴交于两点.

(2) 由(1)可设两个交点为A(x1,0),B(x2,0)A(x_1,0),B(x_2,0), 则又x1+x2=p,x1x2=qx_1+x_2=-p, x_1x_2=q
代入x02+px0+q=y0<0x_0^2+px_0+q=y_0\lt 0
x02(x1+x2)x0+x1x2<0(x0x1)(x0x2)<0x1<x0<x2x_0^2-(x_1+x_2)x_0+x_1x_2\lt 0\Rightarrow (x_0-x_1)(x_0-x_2)\lt 0\Rightarrow x_1\lt x_0\lt x_2.

(3) 代入MM2=1+p+qp+q=3x1x2(x2+x2)+1=2-2=1+p+q\Rightarrow p+q=-3\Rightarrow x_1x_2-(x_2+x_2)+1=-2
即有(x11)(x21)=2(x_1-1)(x_2-1)=-2.
因为x1<x2x_1\lt x_2且都为整数,因此有:
\[
\left\{\begin{array}{lr} x_1-1=-2 \\ x_2-1=1 \end{array}\right. 或 \left\{\begin{array}{lr} x_1-1=-1 \\ x_2-1=2 \end{array}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{array}{lr} x_1=0 \\ x_2=3 \end{array}\right.或\left\{\begin{array}{lr} x_1=-1 \\ x_2=2 \end{array}\right.
\]