每日一题:2026-03-25

题目

已知点 PPRtABC\text{Rt}\triangle ABC 所在平面内,BAC=90\angle BAC = 90^\circ, CAP\angle CAP 为锐角,且 AP=2|\overrightarrow{AP}| = 2, APAC=2\overrightarrow{AP} \cdot \overrightarrow{AC} = 2APAB=1\overrightarrow{AP} \cdot \overrightarrow{AB} = 1,当 AB+AC+AP|\overrightarrow{AB} + \overrightarrow{AC} + \overrightarrow{AP}| 取得最小值时,tanCAP=()\tan \angle CAP = (\quad)

选项:

A. 24\frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}
B. 23\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3}
C. 22\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}
D. 2\sqrt{2}


参考答案

【答案】 C

【分析】
CAP=α\angle CAP = \alpha,利用数量积的定义可得 AC=1cosα|\overrightarrow{AC}| = \frac{1}{\cos \alpha}, AB=12sinα|\overrightarrow{AB}| = \frac{1}{2\sin \alpha},进而可得 AB+AC+AP2=cos2α4sin2α+sin2αcos2α+454|\overrightarrow{AB} + \overrightarrow{AC} + \overrightarrow{AP}|^2 = \frac{\cos^2 \alpha}{4\sin^2 \alpha} + \frac{\sin^2 \alpha}{\cos^2 \alpha} + \frac{45}{4},利用基本不等式即得。

【详解】
CAP=α\angle CAP = \alpha,则 BAP=90α\angle BAP = 90^\circ - \alpha

AP=2|\overrightarrow{AP}| = 2, APAC=2\overrightarrow{AP} \cdot \overrightarrow{AC} = 2APAB=1\overrightarrow{AP} \cdot \overrightarrow{AB} = 1

APACcosα=2\therefore |\overrightarrow{AP}| |\overrightarrow{AC}| \cos \alpha = 2, APABsinα=1|\overrightarrow{AP}| |\overrightarrow{AB}| \sin \alpha = 1

AC=1cosα|\overrightarrow{AC}| = \frac{1}{\cos \alpha}, AB=12sinα|\overrightarrow{AB}| = \frac{1}{2\sin \alpha}

因为

AB+AC+AP2=AB2+AC2+AP2+2ABAC+2ABAP+2ACAP=14sin2α+1cos2α+4+0+2+4=cos2α4sin2α+sin2αcos2α+4542cos2α4sin2αsin2αcos2α+454=494\begin{aligned} |\overrightarrow{AB} + \overrightarrow{AC} + \overrightarrow{AP}|^2 &= |\overrightarrow{AB}|^2 + |\overrightarrow{AC}|^2 + |\overrightarrow{AP}|^2 + 2\overrightarrow{AB} \cdot \overrightarrow{AC} + 2\overrightarrow{AB} \cdot \overrightarrow{AP} + 2\overrightarrow{AC} \cdot \overrightarrow{AP} \\ &= \frac{1}{4\sin^2 \alpha} + \frac{1}{\cos^2 \alpha} + 4 + 0 + 2 + 4 \\ &= \frac{\cos^2 \alpha}{4\sin^2 \alpha} + \frac{\sin^2 \alpha}{\cos^2 \alpha} + \frac{45}{4} \\ &\ge 2\sqrt{\frac{\cos^2 \alpha}{4\sin^2 \alpha} \cdot \frac{\sin^2 \alpha}{\cos^2 \alpha}} + \frac{45}{4} = \frac{49}{4} \end{aligned}

当且仅当 cos2α4sin2α=sin2αcos2α\frac{\cos^2 \alpha}{4\sin^2 \alpha} = \frac{\sin^2 \alpha}{\cos^2 \alpha},即 tanα=22\tan \alpha = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} 时,AB+AC+AP|\overrightarrow{AB} + \overrightarrow{AC} + \overrightarrow{AP}| 取得最小值 72\frac{7}{2}

\thereforeAB+AC+AP|\overrightarrow{AB} + \overrightarrow{AC} + \overrightarrow{AP}| 取得最小值时,tanCAP=22\tan \angle CAP = \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}

故选:C.